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1 sigma
sigma, ătis, n., = sigma (the Greek letter sigma; hence, from its more ancient form, C).I.A semicircular couch for reclining at meals, Mart. 10, 48, 6; 14, 87, 2; Lampr. Heliog. 25.—II.A bathing-tub of the same shape, Sid. Ep. 2, 2 med.; id. Carm. 17, 6. -
2 Σ ς
Σ ς, [full] σίγμα or [full] σῖγμα (both accents are found in codd.), τό, twentyfirst letter of the Etruscan abecedaria, IG14.2420, and prob. of the oldest Gr. alphabets (corresponding to the twenty-first Hebrew letterA shin <*>, Phoenician [full] Ω, Syria 6.103), but eighteenth of the [dialect] Ion. alphabet: as numeral σ = 200, but [num] σ' = 200,000: a semi-vowel, Arist.Po. 1456b28, cf. Pl.Tht. 203b.A the oldest forms expressing this sound were [full] Μ (which is however the old eighteenth letter, q.v.), also [full] Σ and [full] ς; compared to a twisted curl, E.Fr.382.7, Theodect.6; to a Scythian bow, Agatho 4; after this, but yet early, it took the shape of a semicircle <*>, whence Aeschrio (Fr.1 ) calls the new moon τὸ καλὸν οὐρανοῦ νέον σῖγμα: hence the orchestra is called τὸ τοῦ θεάτρου σῖγμα, Phot., AB 286: and Lat. writers used sigma of a semicircular couch, Mart.10.48.6, etc.; cf. σιγμοειδής. The rare form <*> is used in the numbering of building-stones in Berl.Sitzb.1888.1234, 1242 (Pergam.). From final [full] ς must be disting uished the character [full] ς = 6, v. [full] ϝ ϝ (sixth letter).B the name [full] σίγμα ( [full] σῖγμα) was usu. indeclinable,τοῦ σῖγμα Pl.
l.c., Cra. 402e, 427a, Ath.10.455c, Lyd.Mens.1.21 (v.l. σίγματος); τῷ σῖγμα Gal.UP2.14
, al.;τῶν σῖγμα Pl.Com.30
;τὰ σίγμα τὰ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀσπίδων X.HG4.4.10
, cf. Hellad. ap. Phot.Bibl.p.532 B.; later declined,τοῦ σίγματος Eust.1389.15
;σίγμασιν Id.905.7
.2 we also hear of another name [full] σάν [ᾰ], τό, ta\ ou)no/mata/ sfi (sc. τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι)τελευτῶσι πάντα ἐς τὠυτὸ γράμμα, τὸ Δωριέες μὲν σὰν καλέουσι, Ἴωνες δὲ σίγμα Hdt.1.139
, cf. Pi.Dith.Oxy. 1604 Fr. 1 ii 3, Ath.11.467a; as name of the fourth and tenth letters in Θρασύμαχος, and of the sixth in Διονύσο ([etym.] υ), Epigr. ap. Ath.10.454f, Achae.33.4; cf. the compd. σαμ-φόρας: σάν and σίγμα were evidently pronounced alike; it is conjectured that σάν is originally the name of the old eighteenth letter. -
3 sigma
Greek letter sigma; a semicircular dining-couch -
4 stibadium
stĭbădĭum, ii, n., = stibadion, a semicircular seat or couch, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 36; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 698; Sid. Ep. 1, 11 med.; 2, 2 med.; Mart. 14, 87 in lemm.; Inscr. Orell. 2358.
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